Management of lakes and wetlands

The contraction, loss and degradation of lakes and wetlands, as well as the rivers and streams flowing into these, is a widespread problem throughout the region. These problems are predominantly a result of over-exploitation of water for irrigation, industrial use, and other uses. This has led to rapidly decreasing water levels in rivers and wetlands (lakes and swamps). Additionally groundwater levels are decreasing in many parts of the region. Climate change is also adversely affecting the wetlands and lakes in the Horn.

Management of parks and buffer zones

Due to its topography and diverse climatic conditions The Horn of Africa is bestowed with a rich variety of plant and animal species. Ethiopia is included on the list of the most biodiversity rich countries of the world; however other countries in the region are also ecologically rich with a certain degree of species endemism. In spite of global recognition for the regions biodiversity rich status, factors such as the expansion of cultivation and grazing as well as the spread of alien invasive species, are compromising the regions ecological integrity. 

Management of erosion prone highlands and dry lowlands

The greatest export product of Ethiopia is believed to be its topsoil. However, the problems with erosion and severe land degradation are not restricted to Ethiopia, but typify the whole Horn of Africa Region. Land has become more susceptible to erosion as a result of extensive deforestation, cultivation and grazing on steep highland or ecologically fragile lowland areas. The deep and wide gullies on cultivated and uncultivated land are testimony to water induced soil erosion.  The use or sale of dung and crop residue for fuel has reduced soil fertility, and thus decreased land productivity.